Firebird

Ever since 1910, when the impresario Serge Diaghilev masterminded the original Firebird for the second Paris season of his Ballets Russes, the story of the legendary creature who helps two noble lovers overcome an evil wizard has captivated audiences and artists alike. With an iridescent score by Igor Stravinsky (his first for ballet), opulent sets and costumes by Alexander Golovin and Léon Bakst, and startlingly innovative choreography by Michel Fokine, that first Firebird was a multi-media extravaganza which, like other Ballets Russes productions to follow, helped to shape ballet’s modern identity and to establish it unequivocally as a serious art form. 

Pacific Northwest Ballet’s production, which Kent Stowell conceived in 1989 in collaboration with designers Ming Cho Lee and Theoni Aldredge, both honors and revitalizes that tradition. Lee’s sets, Aldredge’s costumes, and Stowell’s choreography combine with Stravinsky’s matchless score to create a spectacle that, while entirely new, is faithful to the aesthetic spirit of the original. But the scenario has been modified somewhat so as to eliminate a weakness that, for all its popularity, has always beset the ballet, whether in Fokine’s original version or in numerous later revivals, including several by Balanchine. In all of these, Tsarevich Ivan’s relationship with the Firebird is what engages us most, and the human drama of his love for the Princess is of lesser emotional and theatrical interest. As a result, according to Stowell, when the grand wedding/coronation finale occurs, it is unsatisfying because we have no sense of what the lovers have risked to achieve this victory. 

In PNB’s production, the balance has been righted. The love between Ivan and the Princess is more poignant and tender from its inception, and it now clearly motivates the couple during the skirmish with the monsters and Kastchei. During the scenes when the Firebird is absent, there is no falling off of power, as there was in earlier versions, because we are engrossed in the dynamics and consequences of the love relationship. When the Firebird does return to help the lovers, she seems less a supernatural agent acting independently of human effort than a source of inspiration deep within Ivan himself that he draws on to complete the battle. As a result, the grand finale, which in all versions is so impressive musically and visually, is now also psychologically powerful for modern audiences, because it is the earned reward for love’s ordeal.   

Premiering during PNB’s performances at the Kennedy Center in September 1989, Firebird was first seen by Seattle audiences in May 1990 and was a popular favorite during the Goodwill Games Arts Festival later that year. 

Notes by Jeanie Thomas. 

Igor Stravinsky
Composer

Igor Stravinsky (1882-1971) was a Russian composer, pianist, and conductor. He is widely considered one of the most important and influential composers of the 20th century. His ballet scores include Firebird (1910), Petrushka (1911), and The Rite of Spring (1913), as well as Orpheus (1947) and Agon (1954-57), both of which were composed in collaboration with George Balanchine. 

Ming Cho Lee
Scenic Designer 

Renowned scenic designer Ming Cho Lee (1930-2020) was born in Shanghai and moved to the US in 1949. Lee was co-chair of the Design department at Yale’s School of Drama. He designed for opera, dance, Broadway, and theater, and is the recipient of the National Medal of Arts. He established a rich collaborative relationship with Kent Stowell and PNB, designing sets for productions including Firebird (1989), Carmina Burana (1993), Silver Lining (1998), and Swan Lake (2003) among others. 

Theoni V. Aldredge
Costume Designer 

With over 150 stage productions, numerous ballets, and several films to her credit, Oscar and Tony-winning costume designer Theoni V. Aldredge (1922-2011) ranks as one of the most prolific and successful designers of the late 20th century. Her Broadway resume includes costumes for the landmark musicals Hair (1967), A Chorus Line (1975), Annie (1977), and Dreamgirls (1982). In 1990, Aldredge was inducted into the Theatre Hall of Fame in the Gershwin Theatre in New York. 

Randall G. Chiarelli
Lighting Designer  

Randall G. Chiarelli (1949-2024) devoted his career to lighting for dance, much of it at Pacific Northwest Ballet, and also for American Ballet Theatre, Royal New Zealand Ballet, Atlanta Ballet, Houston Ballet, San Francisco Ballet, among others. His many collaborators included choreographers Donald Byrd, Mark Dendy, Ronald Hynd, Kent Stowell, Susan Stroman, and Christopher Wheeldon. Chiarelli graduated from the University of Washington with a degree in painting and sculpture.